Sources

Everything this site stands on — the novel, the history, the science, the films, and the complete provenance of every image.

The novel

Mary Shelley, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. 3 vols. London: Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones, 1818. Anonymous first edition — the text this site quotes.
Mary Shelley, Frankenstein (revised). London: Henry Colburn & Richard Bentley, 1831 (Bentley’s Standard Novels). The revised text and the 1831 introduction (Diodati account).
The 1818 manuscript notebooks: Bodleian Library, Oxford (digitized) — the basis for the modern authorship consensus.

John Milton, Paradise Lost (1667) — the novel’s epigraph and the Creature’s reading.
Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — the myth behind the subtitle.
William Godwin, Enquiry Concerning Political Justice (1793); Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792).
Quarterly Review, 1818 — contemporary hostile review (“a tissue of horrible and disgusting absurdity”).
Ellen Moers, “Female Gothic” (1976) — the maternity reading of the novel.

Luigi Galvani, De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari commentarius (1791).
Alessandro Volta’s voltaic pile, announced 1800 (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society).
Giovanni Aldini’s public galvanism demonstrations, 1801–1803, including London, January 1803 (Royal College of Surgeons, on the executed George Forster) — contemporary newspaper and eyewitness accounts.

Presumption; or, The Fate of Frankenstein (English Opera House, London, 1823).
Frankenstein (Edison Studios, 1910); Frankenstein (Universal, 1931, dir. James Whale); The Bride of Frankenstein (Universal, 1935); The Curse of Frankenstein (Hammer, 1957); Young Frankenstein (1974, dir. Mel Brooks); Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1994, dir. Kenneth Branagh).
Kenneth Strickfaden’s electrical laboratory designs (1931, reused 1974); Jack Pierce’s Creature makeup (1931).

Vizlings app roster: character “frankestein” (app spelling), Monsterlings category, 53 chats; card description verbatim “frankestein” (compiled 2026-09-27).

See the image captions for credits and context. Illustrated character art is a dramatization.

This page is itself the source list; per-site methodology is in methodology.
Where this site could not verify a claim (e.g., the Aldini audience-fatality story), it says so on the relevant page.